Sydney, 19^th October 2011 – Square Enix Ltd., the publisher of SQUARE ENIX® interactive entertainment products, today announces that DEUS EX: HUMAN REVOLUTION™ – The Missing Link downloadable content (DLC) is now available in Europe and PAL territories for the Xbox 360® video game and entertainment system from Microsoft, and Windows PC. It will be available in these territories for PlayStation®3 computer entertainment system tomorrow, October 20. 

“We are thrilled to bring DEUS EX: HUMAN REVOLUTION – The Missing Link to fans,” said David Anfossi, producer of DEUS EX: HUMAN REVOLUTION – The Missing Link at Eidos-Montreal. “This unique DLC provides an enhanced DEUS EX: HUMAN REVOLUTION experience with deeper insight into the conspiracy, visual improvements, new characters and enemies, and a twist on some gameplay elements.” 

DEUS EX: HUMAN REVOLUTION – The Missing Link is available at a cost of 1200 Microsoft Points on Xbox Live Marketplace (XBLM), $17.95 AUD on PlayStation Network (PSN), and $14.99 USD on Steam. Providing an average of four to six hours of compelling gameplay, players will be able to earn ten new achievements/trophies and 250 Xbox Gamerscore points. Players must own DEUS EX: HUMAN REVOLUTION in order to download and play DEUS EX: HUMAN REVOLUTION – The Missing Link. 

After being tortured by Belltower agents and having his augmentations disabled, Adam Jensen must rely solely on his basic capabilities to escape from a freighter, destined for an unknown location. While fighting for his survival on the ship, he uncovers another layer to the conspiracy that he never would have suspected. As Adam, gamers will befriend new, mysterious allies and fight ruthless enemies to discover what was happening in the shadows during the events of DEUS EX: HUMAN REVOLUTION! 

FEATURES:

• New layers of conspiracy unveiled
• Sprawling new environments
• Brand-new characters
• Rebuild Adam’s augmentation set

The critically acclaimed DEUS EX: HUMAN REVOLUTION offers players multiple and vastly different ways to play. Challenging the foundations of gaming, this video game provides an immersive experience where every choice has a lasting consequence. DEUS EX: HUMAN REVOLUTION weaves a deeply emotive and captivating story, taking place in the year 2027 – a time of great innovation in neuroprosthetics, but also a time of chaos, conspiracy and a new social divide. Gamers play as Adam Jensen, a man cybernetically augmented against his own choice, who finds himself in the middle of a mysterious, global plot to which he holds the key.

For more information about DEUS EX: HUMAN REVOLUTION – The Missing Link visit www.deusex.com/themissinglink and join the human revolution at: http://www.facebook.com/DeusEx.   

About Square Enix Ltd. 

Square Enix Ltd., a part of the Square Enix Europe business unit, develops, publishes, distributes and licenses SQUARE ENIX®, EIDOS® and TAITO® branded entertainment content in Europe and other PAL territories as part of the Square Enix Group. Square Enix Ltd. also has a global network of leading development studios such as IO Interactive™, Crystal Dynamics® and Eidos Montréal. The Square Enix Group boasts a valuable portfolio of intellectual property including: FINAL FANTASY®, which has sold over 100 million units worldwide, DRAGON QUEST® which has sold over 58 million units worldwide and TOMB RAIDER® which has sold over 35 million units worldwide; and the legendary SPACE INVADERS®. Square Enix Ltd. is a London-based, wholly-owned subsidiary of Square Enix Holdings Co., Ltd.

More information on Square Enix Ltd. can be found at http://www.square-enix.com/eu/en/

Celebrating the launch of DanceStar™ Party on PlayStation®3 (PS3™) 

Sydney, Australia Wednesday 19^th October, 2011 – Sony Computer Entertainment Australia (SCE Aust.) and international megastar Cat Deeley – presenter of “So You Think You Can Dance” US – are preparing to celebrate the launch of DanceStar™ Party, a new PlayStation®3 (PS3™) exclusive dance game from the creators of smash hit sensation, SingStar®.

In an exclusive photo-shoot, Cat Deeley showed off her PlayStation® moves on DanceStar Party ahead of her first official public appearance in Sydney tomorrow where she will host a public dance-off. 

Australians of all ages will gather to dance up a storm on PlayStation 3 at First Fleet Park in Circular Quay tomorrow. Dancers, gamers and punters alike will battle it out for the title of Australia’s DanceStar. The lucky winner will be jetting off to the US in 2012 to watch a So You Think You Can Dance live filming plus win a year’s supply of PlayStation games. 

“I see so many talented dancers in my line of work, but you don’t have to be a pro to enjoy DanceStar Party,” Cat Deeley said. “In typical PlayStation style this game brings you experiences that no one else can – a killer 40 song track list set to the original music video clips, and a whopping 160 choreographed dance routines. With the PlayStation Move motion controller you can even create your own moves, or simply step into the virtual shoes of artists like Basement Jaxx, Usher and Willow Smith. You can easily share your moves from the game on Facebook and Twitter. I can’t wait to see what Australians have to offer tomorrow. Get those legwarmers out people!” she said. 

View the new DanceStar Party TVC here:  http://www.youtube.com/user/PlayStationAustralia#p/u/13/W_6daOrs-mI

Australia, 19 October, 2011 –

Nintendo is pleased to announce that the RSPCA has officially endorsed nintendogs™ + cats, a video game currently available on Nintendo 3DS™. Australian singer and animal lover Jessica Mauboy has also joined forced with Nintendo and RSPCA and will be appearing in Nintendo’s latest television ads.

“If like me, you just don’t have the lifestyle where you can look after a puppy or kitten of your own – whether you travel a lot, live in an apartment, or work long hours – nintendogs + cats is the perfect companion for you”, says Jessica.

The RSPCA was thrilled to officially endorse nintendogs + cats, and it was not something that was taken lightly. Kellie Rutherford, RSPCA Partnerships Manager explains: “The RSPCA science team spent many hours with nintendogs + cats to ensure it was a game that promoted responsible ownership of a puppy or kitten. Every aspect of the game was carefully looked over to ensure it aligned with the RSCPA’s key messages”.

nintendogs + cats lets you find the puppy or kitten that’s right for you and just like owning a real one, the more you train, care and love your puppy or kitten, the happier and more rewarding they become. Watch as your puppies and kittens learn to recognise your face, and you can even hold them in the palm of your hand with the Augmented Reality feature.

Show affection towards them,  and train them regularly and soon enough they will be running up and licking the screen with excitement when they see you. All in amazing 3D without the need for special glasses, and recommended by the RSPCA!

The RSPCA has endorsed nintendogs + cats because it helps teach players the real responsibilities of owning a puppy or kitten – walking them regularly, feeding them, washing them and making sure they get lots of love and attention.

Create a loving bond with your puppy or kitten, just like Jessica – watch Jessica’s and RSPCA’s story at http://gamesites.nintendo.com.au/nintendogs-and-cats/

To donate to RSPCA visit: https://www.rspca.org.au/how-you-can-help/donate/donationmethods.html

For more information visit www.nintendo.com.au

The use of 3D mode on Nintendo 3DS is recommended for 7+ years

The Ultimate in Handheld Entertainment, PS Vita to launch in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Australasia and North America in February

Sydney, October 19, 2011 – Sony Computer Entertainment Australia and New Zealand confirmed today that PlayStation®Vita (PS Vita) will launch on 23rd February, 2012. This follows an announcement made by Sony Computer Entertainment Europe (SCEE) today confirming that PlayStation®Vita (PS Vita) will launch throughout Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Australasia from 22nd February, 2012. Available in Europe from €249.99 (RRP), Australia from AUD $349.95 (RRP) and New Zealand from NZD $449.95 (RRP)for the Wi-Fi model, the 3G/Wi-Fi model will retail for €299.99 (RRP), AUD $449.95 (RRP) and NZD $549.95, respectively. PS Vita will offer uncompromised portable gaming experiences, anytime, and anywhere.
“PlayStation Vita is a revolutionary device, which will offer the best possible portable gaming experiences available on the market. Its impressive feature set is designed to provide the ultimate gaming experiences on the go. This, combined with social connectivity means there will be not only innovative new ways to play, but also new ways to connect with others,” said Michael Ephraim, Managing Director, Sony Computer Entertainment Australia and New Zealand. He continued, “We are incredibly excited about the upcoming launch of PlayStation Vita.”

Leveraging PlayStation’s legacy of delivering deep and immersive gaming experiences, the PS Vita system will bring to consumers new ways to play through a unique feature set such as a stunning OLED front touch screen and rear touch pad, dual analog sticks, motion sensors, and dual cameras. With more than 80 games currently in production from first and third party studios including “LittleBigPlanet,” “Wipeout 2048,” “Resistance: Burning Skies™,” “Uncharted Golden Abyss™,” Ubisoft’s “Assassin’s Creed,” EA Sports’ “FIFA”, Activision’s ‘Call of Duty’, and many more, the PS Vita is poised to deliver gameplay experiences unmatched by any handheld or mobile device on the market.

In addition, with both 3G and Wi-Fi support, PS Vita will draw consumers deeper into the gameplay experience and enable them to connect and play with the world around them, including their friends and other PS Vita owners through native PS Vita applications – near, and Party. A variety of social networking and communications services such as Facebook, foursquare, Skype™, and Twitter will also be available on PS Vita.

Additional announcements and highlights from BlackBerry DevCon Americas 2011 include:

• BlackBerry WebWorks and HTML5 apps compatible with current BlackBerry smartphones and tablets will run on future BBX-based devices
• Native SDK for BlackBerry PlayBook goes gold; released for general availability
• SDK for Adobe AIR Now Supports Adobe AIR 3.0
• BlackBerry PlayBook OS 2.0 Developer Beta now available, includes BlackBerry Runtime for Android Apps

San Francisco, CA – BlackBerry DevCon Americas 2011 – October 18, 2011 – At BlackBerry DevCon Americas 2011, Research In Motion (RIM) (NASDAQ: RIMM; TSX: RIM) today unveiled BlackBerry BBX, its next generation mobile platform that takes the best of the BlackBerry® platform and the best of the QNX® platform to connect people, devices, content and services.

In addition, RIM announced a series of developer tool updates, including WebWorks for BlackBerry smartphones and tablets, the Native SDK for the BlackBerry PlayBook and a developer beta of BlackBerry PlayBook OS 2.0 with support for running Android applications. RIM also provided direction for developers on how to best develop and monetise their BlackBerry applications for today and for the future.

“With nearly 5 million BlackBerry apps downloaded daily, our customers have made BlackBerry one of the most profitable platforms for developers,” said Mike Lazaridis, President and Co-CEO at RIM. “At DevCon today, we’re giving developers the tools they need to build richer applications and we’re providing direction on how to best develop their smartphone and tablet apps as the BlackBerry and QNX platforms converge into our next generation BBX platform.”

BlackBerry BBX
BBX is the next generation platform for BlackBerry smartphones and tablets. It combines the best of BlackBerry and the best of QNX and is designed from the ground up to enable the powerful real-time mobile experiences that distinguish BlackBerry products and services.

The BBX platform will include BBX-OS, and will support BlackBerry cloud services and development environments for both HTML5 and native developers. BBX will also support applications developed using any of the tools available today for the BlackBerry PlayBook – including Native SDK, Adobe AIR/Flash and WebWorks/HTML5, as well as the BlackBerry Runtime for Android Apps – on future BBX-based tablets and smartphones.

BBX will also include the new BlackBerry Cascades UI Framework for advanced graphics (shown for the first time today), and bring “Super App” capabilities to enable many advanced capabilities including deep integration between apps, always-on Push services, the BBM™ Social Platform, and much more.

BlackBerry WebWorks
Developers who want to support both existing smartphones (running BlackBerry 6 and BlackBerry 7 OS) and BlackBerry PlayBook tablets can monetise apps on both platforms today with BlackBerry WebWorks, which supports apps built on HTML5, CSS and JavaScript. The latest release, BlackBerry WebWorks SDK 2.2 (supporting both smartphones and tablets), is now available and includes updates for the new PlayBook OS SDK, PlayBook Simulator and more.

The BlackBerry WebWorks APIs are supported by the Ripple Emulator, a standalone, high-fidelity browser-like emulation tool that allows developers to test and debug their applications on multiple platforms and devices without having to compile or launch simulators. Starting today the Ripple Emulator is available in beta and can also be downloaded from RIM’s WebWorks Developer site at: http://developer.blackberry.com/html5

Native SDK – Content Rich, Fast and Smooth Running Applications
RIM also announced today the immediate availability of the Native SDK for the BlackBerry PlayBook (1.0 gold release). The Native SDK allows developers to build high-performance, multi-threaded, native C/C++ applications and enables developers to create advanced 2D and 3D games and other apps with access to OpenGL ES 2.0 and Open AL, as well as device specific APIs. Applications developed with the Native SDK will run today on the BlackBerry PlayBook and will be forwardly compatible on BBX-based tablets and smartphones.

The Native SDK includes support for C/C++ POSIX library and compliance, device events like gesture swipes and touch screen inputs, access to code management systems using industry standard Eclipse CDT (C/C++ Development Tools) and advanced debug and analysis tools. QNX Momentics Tool Suite, an Eclipse-based integrated development environment, is included. It provides memory profiling, application debugging, and memory usage statistics to help developers debug sophisticated programs, including hardware accelerated OpenGL applications.

The Native SDK makes the development and porting of game applications to the BlackBerry PlayBook an extremely attractive proposition for developers. Well known game publishers, developers and major game engine companies have already started to bring their game titles and applications to the platform.

Scoreloop, the largest and fastest growing cross-platform social gaming ecosystem on mobile, is now available in beta for the Native SDK through BlackBerry® Beta Zone. The Scoreloop SDK provides everything a developer needs to easily integrate social capabilities into their native PlayBook applications and includes support for Leaderboards, Game Challenges, Awards & Achievements, and Player Profiles. Scoreloop’s fully customisable and cross-platform technology empowers developers to add as many or as few features as they want, from a simple leader-board to more extensive player achievements. It makes mobile games more social and profitable.

BlackBerry Cascades – Create Visually Stunning Interfaces
RIM today showcased BlackBerry Cascades, a rich user interface framework coming to a future release of the Native SDK. Cascades unleashes a new breed of design centric mobile applications and provides developers with an exceptional feature set for creating visually stunning interfaces with custom layouts, animations, effects and 3D graphics. These features, combined with a strong set of built-in core user interface components, will make it easy to build beautiful native applications with innovative user interfaces for the current BlackBerry PlayBook and future BBX-based tablets and smartphones. Cascades is scheduled to be made available in beta later this fall.

Adobe AIR 3.0 Support
Adobe Flash enables developers to produce visually stunning, highly functional applications for the BlackBerry PlayBook that can integrate with the underlying OS and will be supported on future BBX-based tablets and smartphones.

The BlackBerry PlayBook now supports the recently announced Adobe AIR 3.0 runtime. Among the supported features are Encrypted Local Store that gives developers the ability to use the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to encrypt and securely store sensitive information on the device, as well as store passwords, keys or credit card information safely within the app; StageText that allows developers to take advantage of native text controls and the native interaction behaviours of those controls; Multitouch and Gestures built into applications to provide great usability; and more.

PlayBook OS 2.0 – Developer Beta
RIM introduced today the Developer Beta version of the BlackBerry PlayBook OS 2.0. The Developer Beta includes the BlackBerry Runtime for Android Apps and the BlackBerry Plug-In for Android Development Tools (ADT), allowing developers to quickly and easily bring Android applications to BlackBerry PlayBook tablets.

The BlackBerry Plug-In for ADT (an Eclipse plug-in) extends a developer’s existing Eclipse Android development environment to support the PlayBook, and includes the BlackBerry PlayBook Simulator for developers to test and debug their apps before submitting them to BlackBerry App World™. Developers can also test and debug their apps on a PlayBook running the BlackBerry PlayBook OS 2.0 – Developer Beta.

Android developers can also repackage Android apps for the BlackBerry PlayBook online by using the BlackBerry Packager for Android Apps. The web tool guides developers through a step-by-step process, allowing them to test their apps for compatibility with the PlayBook, and repackage and sign their apps for submission to BlackBerry App World, all without downloading any tools.

BlackBerry Runtime for Android Apps and the associated tools allow Android developers to easily expand their market to include BlackBerry PlayBook users, and hence increase their apps’ market potential.

The BlackBerry PlayBook OS 2.0 – Developer Beta also supports Adobe Air 3.0 and Adobe Flash 11, as well as WebGL, a new web technology that brings hardware-accelerated 3D graphics to the browser without installing additional software. Developers will be able to generate rich, interactive 3D graphics within their BlackBerry WebWorks application.

For more information about the BlackBerry PlayBook OS 2.0 – Developer Beta and BlackBerry Runtime for Android Apps and associated tools, visit: https://bdsc.webapps.blackberry.com/android/bpaa/

Increased Developer Productivity with Open Source Libraries on the BlackBerry PlayBook OS
RIM also announced the BlackBerry Open Source Initiative to port popular Open Source libraries to the BlackBerry PlayBook platform. Libraries already available include physics engines like Bullet Physics and Box2DX, scripting languages like Lua, multimedia libraries like OpenAL and SDL, gaming frameworks like Cocos2DX and general-purpose libraries like Boost and Qt. Also available under an Open Source license are a range of code samples that developers can use to get started quickly, as well as GamePlay, a new 3D native gaming framework.

RIM will continue to expand its involvement in the Open Source community to help increase developer productivity on the BlackBerry platforms. For more details on RIM’s Open Source activities, visit http://blackberry.github.com.

About Research In Motion
Research In Motion (RIM), a global leader in wireless innovation, revolutionised the mobile industry with the introduction of the BlackBerry® solution in 1999. Today, BlackBerry products and services are used by millions of customers around the world to stay connected to the people and content that matter most throughout their day. Founded in 1984 and based in Waterloo, Ontario, RIM operates offices in North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Latin America. RIM is listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market (NASDAQ: RIMM) and the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX: RIM). For more information, visit www.rim.com or www.blackberry.com.

Romp and Stomp your way into Melbourne Museum! 

Celebrate Universal Children’s Day and join Weedy the Seadragon, PG Bear and ThingleToodle for Romp & Stomp Fun Day for Children, at Melbourne Museum on Wednesday 26 October 2011. 

With over 2000 attendees last year, Romp & Stomp Fun Day for Children is a day of fun filled activities designed for children aged 0–5. Activities on the day are both fun and educational, and include performances, activities, special appearances and storytelling. The day also provides the opportunity for parents and carers to access information about early childhood services and networks. 

Romp & Stomp Fun Day for Children is presented by Melbourne Museum in partnership with a group of organisations interested in early childhood education, including Early Childhood Management Services, Playgroup Victoria, Kindergarten Parents Victoria, Berry Street, Gowrie Victoria, Save the Children, HIPPY (Home Interaction Program for Parents and Youngsters) Australia, Toy Libraries Victoria, VicRoads and Metropolitan Fire Brigade. 

Since beginning in 2003, Romp & Stomp Fun Day for Children has proven to be one of the most popular Children’s Week events for young children and their parents, carers, and grandparents. It is celebrated on Universal Children’s Day, with activities designed to emphasise different aspects of early childhood learning. The 2011 event theme is ‘Forest Alive’. All activities are included with Museum entry (Children FREE) and run from 10am to 3pm, and include: 

• Baby Play – Parents and their little ones relax and have fun with toys presented by Playgroup Victoria. 
•  Active Play – Join Playgroup Victoria’s for active play. 
• Make your own shield – be inspired by the Aboriginal shields on display in Melbourne Museum and make your own shield with Kindergarten Parents Victoria. 
• Firefighters are Friends – Dress up and play in official mini Metropolitan Fire Brigade outfits.  
• Book Making – delight with your child as they create and publish their very own story book with Berry Street’s Early Learning is Fun program.  
• Still Life Drawing – Join Gowrie Victoria in learning about the Museum objects around you and drawing what you see. 
• ECMS Creative Craft, Story Time and play tables– Become a forest creature with your own hand-crafted headband, listen to stories and allow your imagination to go wild with forest themed play tables provided by Early Childhood Management Services. 
• The Sand Pit – Dig and mess about with some fabulous sand toys presented by Toy Libraries Victoria (Inc). 
• Live Exhibits – chat to Melbourne Museum’s animal keepers and meet some live animals. 

WHAT: Romp & Stomp Fun Day for Children

WHEN: 10am–3pm, Wednesday 26 October 2011

WHERE: Melbourne Museum, Nicholson Street, Carlton

For further information, visit museumvictoria.com.au and www.rompandstomp.org.au

Become the Dark Knight in Rocksteady Studios’ Highly Anticipated and
Critically Acclaimed Videogame Available Now in Australia for Xbox 360 and PlayStation®3 system

Sydney, Australia – October 19, 2011 – The wait is finally over for fans to don the Batsuit again! Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment and DC Entertainment today announced that Batman: Arkham City™, the critically acclaimed and highly anticipated videogame developed by Rocksteady Studios, is now available at retailers in Australia for the Xbox 360® video game and entertainment system from Microsoft and PlayStation®3 computer entertainment system. The Games for Windows version will be available mid November, 2011.

Batman: Arkham City builds upon the intense, atmospheric foundation of Batman: Arkham Asylum, sending players flying through the expansive Arkham City – five times larger than the game world in Batman: Arkham Asylum – the new maximum security “home” for all of Gotham City’s thugs, gangsters and insane criminal masterminds. Featuring an incredible Rogues Gallery of Gotham City’s most dangerous criminals including Catwoman, The Joker, The Riddler, Two-Face, Harley Quinn, The Penguin, Mr. Freeze and many others, the game allows players to genuinely experience what it feels like to be The Dark Knight delivering justice on the streets of Gotham City.

Red Hot Actors Get Virtual for the Race of a Lifetime

SYDNEY, Australia. – October 19, 2011 – Electronic Arts Inc. (NASDAQ: ERTS) today announced that Christina Hendricks (Mad Men) and Sean Faris (Vampire Diaries) will star in the upcoming action racing game Need for Speed ™ The Run. The video game will feature the actors as lead characters in an intense race-for-your-life story taking players on a cross-country race from San Francisco to New York. Powered by Frostbite™ 2, Black Box Studio makes its return and takes the action racing genre to new heights with stunning visuals and car physics that hug the road at insanely fast speeds. The game is the action racing blockbuster of the holiday.

“Need for Speed The Run brings unprecedented racing action into an expansive race course which encompasses a coast-to-coast race from the Golden State to the Empire State,” said Jason DeLong, Need for Speed The Run Executive Producer. “Our innovative, all-new performance capture technology pushes the boundaries of character animation allowing us to perfectly capture Christina and Sean’s likeness resulting in an engaging narrative experience coupled with top-notch racing.”

Christina Hendricks, the Emmy and Golden Globe nominated actress who plays the gorgeous, bold and savvy Joan Harris (née Holloway) in the hit AMC drama Mad Men, makes her videogame debut in Need for Speed The Run as Sam Harper: a woman with ambition, street smarts and a penchant for lightning fast cars. She’s turned her lifelong passion into a lucrative livelihood, managing the best drivers in the cutthroat world of outlaw street racing. In this illicit, male-dominated racket, she’s betting on Jack, the story’s protagonist, by fronting his $250K race buy-in in hopes of winning the $25 million prize. It’s Sam that enables Jack to enter the race as she remains his eyes and ears on the course.

“It’s very exciting to be part of Need for Speed The Run. I’ve never been a video game character before so this is definitely a first for me. It’s been fantastic fun to do something so different and to show a different side of myself as well,” said Christina Hendricks.

Sean Faris (The Vampire Diaries, Never Back Down), one of Hollywood’s up-and-coming leading men, gets in the driver’s seat as Jack Rourke in Need for Speed TheRun. One of the best drivers around, Jack’s cockiness and arrogance has led him into a debt he can’t repay. The mob has put a price on his head, and it’s a lofty one. He’s looking for a way out and only Sam can help. His only chance of survival is to enter and win the race to New York.

“I’ve definitely done my share of intense action scenes in movies but it’s totally different and thrilling to actually be a character and driver in Need for Speed The Run. I got a kick out of seeing myself in the game, it’s totally me! I’m a huge fan of the Need for Speed series so I jumped at the opportunity to be a part of the game,” said Sean Faris.

Developed by Black Box , an EA studio , Need for Speed The Run will be available November 17, 2011 in Australia and November 18, 2011 in New Zealand for the Xbox 360® videogame and entertainment system, PlayStation®3 computer entertainment system, PC, Wii™ and Nintendo 3DS™. For more information on Need for Speed, visit http://www.needforspeed.com  or become a fan on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/needforspeed  and follow us on Twitter http://www.twitter.com/needforspeed.